why immigration is important

MARS MISSION MM²

The most beautiful thing in this world is to see your parents smiling and knowing that you are the reason behind that smile. Schiller’s (2010) study found the following: May 25, 2008, was a milestone in space Exploration. That was the day the spacecraft phoenix completed US 171 million-mile journey and successfully landed on mars. That was not the first landing on mars. (Five other spacecraft preceded it) but it was one of the most important. Earlier missions had found evidence of water on mars surface. The goal of Phoenix was to use, its Robotic arms to dig into mars surface and confirm the water once flowed there. As Stephen Hawking pointed out, Humanity would be safer if it expanded beyond the earth. If water did exist as recently as 100,000 years ago, life could have existed as well. Scientists from around the world viewed the phoenix landing as a new frontier in our understanding of space, Biology and other, sphere of knowledge. Both President Bush and President Obama supported NASA’s goal of sending human mission to Mars. (Via intermediate settlements on the moon) within a decade’s the (P.18) Earthly benefits:

 NASA says the benefits of the mars journey will outweigh those opportunity costs. Space exploitation has already generated tangible benefits for us earthlings. NASA cites advances in weather forecasting, in communication technology in robotics, in computing and electronics, and in search and rescue technology. The research behind the space program has also helped create the satellite telecommunications network and the Global Positioning System (G.P.S) medical technologies such as the image processing used in CAT scanners and MRI machines also trace their origins to engineering work for space exploration. Scientists say we should expect still further benefits from journey to mars; not only tangible benefits like new resources and technological advance but also intangibles’ like the spiritual uplifting and heightened quest for knowledge that exploration promotes.  (Schiller, 2010, P.33).

Opportunity cost:  The journey to mars is not only technological commitment but an economic commitment as well. It is a matter not of individual inventiveness but of the receptivity for societies to innovation. The cost of Pheonix mission alone was $457 million. The cost of continuing the human journey to mars will approach $ 1 trillion.Its from this background that Brandon decided to dedicate the new discovered Digital learning worth 6.5 US trillion dollars to this mission. once the project kicked off, we shall not have any financial obstacles. All of the resources used for this journey have alternative uses here on earth.Thats where we will get ups and downs from the congress, senate and other parties involved. Some of the same scientists could be developing high-speed rail systems safer domestic flights, or more eco-friendly technologies. The technological resources being poured into space exploration could be perfecting cell phone quality simply accelerating online data transmissions. If we devoted as many resources to medical research as space research, we might find more ways to extend and improve life here on earth or we could use all those resources to develop safe water and sanitation systems for the globally poor. In other words the journey to mars will entail opportunity costs, that is the sacrifice of earthly goods and services could produced with those same resources. (Schillers, 2010, P.33)-but there is still substantial evidence why the journey to mar is still inevitable

Mar's one's Red Planet colony project

v      Sense of adventure and curiosity.

v     The love of being the first humans to open up an entirely new world.

v     The desire to explore and exotic and unique environment, the expectation of fame and glory.

v     A geologist on mars would be like a kid via Candy store and would soon shock up a sensational publications record.

v     The crowning achievement would be evidence for life, a discoverable likely to transform.

A one way ticket to mars is not an invitation to a suicide mission. Adequate surprise including a nuclear power source can be sent on a head and every two years more surprise and more astronauts will be dispatched to the new world. Mars is relatively inhospitable, but it is far more congenial that outer space. It has all the raw materials needed for a new world to eventually become self-sufficient.  There are the billionaires and billionaire-lites. Richard Branson of Virgin Group has teamed up with aircraft design, Maverick Burt Rutan (who won the Ansrix prize with space ship one, funded by billionaire and co-founder of Microsoft Paul Allen to develop the world’s first space airline virgin galactic. It’s high time Facebook’s Mark …… join the dream team.(Smile)and they plan on putting 500 people per into suborbital.

There are other suborbital and orbital space competitors (and collaborators, including Rocket, Plane, Kistler, space, adventurers, and Benson space company all driven by charismatic individuals Paypal principal Elon Mask through his company space x has developed the Fulcon 1 and Fulcon 9 vehicles and had his first launch with backlog of paying customers. As Jared (1999) noted, “The uses of these telegraphic, clumsy ambiguous early scripts” were as restricted as the number of their users. (P. 234). Government space programs in China, Europe, India, Japan, Russia and the United States have all in recent months talked about their plans for the moon during the first quarter of this century. There is a new government-backed space race, less agitated than the last but more likely to produce sustainable technologies. All of knowledge is acquired by observation and by trial and error. Maybe someday we will invest in expensive time machine that will allow us to vacation a hundred years into the future.

Martian soil on mars.

Amazon founder Jeff Bezzos is less public about his plans, but his company blue origins has been getting FAA licenses for law attitude tests of a vertical take-off and landing system at his Texas ranch. And there is no shortage of other high tech billionaires who have expressed interest in space ventures and may well be investing in some not yet announced while all these efforts one building hardware for launches from earth, serious discussions are underway about start-ups for companies that will provide higher- order, services, including slapping asteroids to new orbits to deliver rocket, fuel, to paying customer. These are the first non-steps of solar system engineering toward the ultimate of Dyson sphere of human kind’s very own. Evolution has forged a motivation to mate so powerful that it propels as to surmount daunting and demoralizing obstacles. Technology in the form of weapons and transport provides the direct means by which certain peoples have expanded their realms and conquered other peoples.

In the current activities, there are obvious analogies with heavier that air flight in the early 20^th century and look   where that (with the help of couple of world wars) got us in the century. There is no longer a mono or duo culture for access to space and planetary bodies – certainly a reason to be optimistic about this second wave of space access. Even if this wave eventually sputters like that last, we still have plenty of time for a third wave during the life times of many Kyoto friends. The key drivers will turn out to be either military or economic-or most likely both. Just as in 1907 the economics of heavier than air flights were not obvious; we are still struggling in 2015 with the economics of this endevours. By the beginning of the 22^nd century human kind will have significantly raised the probability of its long-term survival by spreading its genetic material beyond earth. That genetic material may be significantly modified from current model but that is another and different story. The point is that we have to spread ourselves to more than one tiny ball in our solar system and will continue to stem another systems throughout the galaxy over subsequent centuries.

As Jared (1999) explained, “Necessity is the mother of invention not until 1885 did engines improves to the point that Gott-Fried Daimler got around the installing one on a bicycle to create the first motorcycle- he waited until 1896 to build the first truck” (P. 243). As for the coming events of this century, there may be a Gion but there will be bars and mars, and overtime they will gather their own histories and legends as stories one told and retold. And just perhaps, one of my peak- a-boo play mates will be one of the great actors in the daring do and swashbuckling courage under pressure that will surely be part of the coming adventures.

See globalization for development by Ian especially on pages 220 and 221: For an insightful analysis of this extra- ordinary evolution of development thanking. As the great thinkers and busy planning of how to create a new world they should know that development thinking evolves continually and this evolution has accelerated over the past 50 years 

Journey to the mars in progress.

The more we learn about how our brains work, the more ways we will find to provide them with new abilities that never evolved in biology. All recognized famous inventors had capable predecessors and successors and made their improvements at a time when society was capable of using their products. James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769 supposedly inspired by watching steam rise from a tea kettles spout he got his idea for his particular steam engine while repairing a model of Thomas Newscomen’s steam engine which he had invented 57 years earlier.

Edison’s famous invention of the incandescent light bulb on the night of October 1879 improved in many other incandescent light bulbs patented by other. Inventors between 1841 and 1878 similarly the wright brothers manned powered airplane was preceded by Joseph Henry, William Cooke and Charles Wheatstore and Elly Whitney’s Gin for cleaning short staple cotton, extended gins that had been cleaning long- staple cotton for thousands of years. 

Edwin -The writter

Our future technologies will no longer constrain us to think at the crawling pace of real time. The events in our computers already proceed a million times faster than those in our brain.

Ian (2007) “As the outcome of past compromises, it is not surprising that global institutions are neither ideally equipped to deal with current and future global challenges nor easy to reform. (P.198). For development to occur, ideas have to produce innovations in productive methods, including organization, source of supply and quality.

Farming will be very difficult in these soils- but there has been evidence that water might have happened but with the current situation, we have got to do all that is necessary to make that soils productive. If  I am to ask what happens to all the water? Where does it all go? If so why doesn’t it come up? At some point consulted water finder who mentioned that there was an in exhaustible supply of water deep. If you are to observe that soils on many plants, there are almost similar to what we have on our planet earth.

So we shall undig and continue to underground for almost many trails - but  we might come up against layers of rock. We shall need power compressors to crash those obstacles. One who did it here on our earth planet, the points to a nearby well, above which hundreds of dragonflies, hover and goes one. But how was it to get the soil to retain some of it long enough to grow something he came up with a dream that if he could isolate some of the clay from the soil and mix the clay with water, he would get a colloidal suspension that would seal the surface and hold the rain water there. So they marked off this land into plots and built several of the plots into terraces, moving the earth they needed in head loads and shaping the ridges with own hands. Then, they flooded the terraces with water from the well so that they could plow. They hitched  up the bullock teams and plowed and continue to plow. In order to separate the various lateritic materials, clay sand and stone, they removed the stones with rakes and wire mesh and mixed the clay which being the smaller particles was in suspension on  the surface with more water. 

They added some cow dung as compost, spread it evenly over the terraces and planted rice.

The colloidal clay did seal the surface so that the water stood on it just as he had thought and they were eventually able to harvest the first crop ever grown on this barren land. And the beauty of this experiment in land reclamation and cultivation was that it was all done by man power, bullock power and dung power. The method seems slow, primitive and back-breaking suitable at best for only small partches of barren land. But it is of course completely Gandian in that it relies only on men and animals and on the simplest of implements and explosive to tap natural resources

It was  one of the most misguided ideals of at times for the US congress’s rejection of funds to develop a supersonic transport in 1971, the world’s continued rejection of an efficiently designed typewriter keyboard and British’s long reluctance to adopt electric lighting.But Brandon gave you new vision with the establishment of Boom Supersonic...something that will change our life style in air. imagine taking only 4 hours from New York to London, attend a meeting and in the afternoon, you are back in New York.  Economic benefit is still the main force driving innovation, but there must be clear rules and regulations that we all follow. Once an inventor has discovered a use for a new technology, the next step is to persuade society to adopt it; therefore there is an agency of letting our society to know the benefits of mar mission.

However, bureaucratic harassment, corruption and organized crime are all profoundly damaging the investment climate throughout, imposing barriers to entry, adding to operating costs, and creating uncertainty once the firm is established. This applies to both large and small firms, but it is especially important for smaller firms and farms with weaker capacity to finance the cost of dealing with regulations, and to use “political contacts” and other means of harassment.  The World Bank’s doing business report (World Bank Report 2005) highlights the extent of the burden that frustrate private initiative and the progress made by policy makers in improving the climate for investment. As Ian (2007) noted, “ Clear and predictable rules of the game are necessary, with contract enforcement evenly applied and regulations designed to facilitate, not frustrate, legitimate individual enterprise and the establishment of competitive firms”.(P.216)

However, you cannot swim for new horizons until you have courage to lose sight of the shore. Space adventure is very risky. Most of the dangers of space flight are in the launches and landing as the two shuttle disasters holistically demonstrated. In addition, The harsh Martian environment undoubtedly reduce the life expectancy of the new settlers, but astronauts on round trip would be exposed to comparable to health hazards from months or space radiation and zero gravity.

~~Dr.Edwin works with the Department of Commonsense.

Climate Change 2015

The best scientists in the world are all telling us that our activities are changing the climate, and act forcefully. We will continue to see rising oceans, longer, hotter heat waves, dangerous droughts and floods, and massive disruptions that can trigger greater migration, conflict and hunger around the globe.

As Dunwiddie states, literally in a matter of decades the forests was cleared- there is no more oak pollen, and all of a sudden lots of grass pollen.

According to Bill Mckibben, in his book, the end of nature, “Human beings were ending the very idea of wildness as our cars, factories and burning forests filled the skies with green house gases. According to Prof. Gregory Benford from University of California, “Lessening solar UV radiation would lower skin cancer deaths now about a million per year. Crops under less UV grow better and yield more food especially in the tropics.In his state of union address 2015, President Obama “ 2014 was the planet’s warmest year on record- one year doesn’t make a trend, but this does- 14 of the 15 warmest years on record have all fallen in the first 15 years of this century”

President Obama on Climate Change.

There is a big danger of changing the flora and the fauna everywhere in our beloved planet earth.

As Bill (2007) states, “Nature as something separate from man has vanished…..it should depress us to live on a planet that becomes less complex and wild with each passing day, and it should depress us even more that we are the cause of that change” (P.13) unfortunately, the Florida comedy of 2000 never allowed the Democratic candidate AL Gore to achieve his vision for this planet earth. The earth’s forests used to cover about a third of the planet land surface- but of recent, vast tracts of forest have vanished from Japan, the Philippines, and the mainland of Southeast Asia, from most of the Central America and the horn of Africa, from the Indian Subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa……..Southeast Asia resembles a dog with the mange. Malaysian Borneo is shaved, clearing spreads to Siberia and the Canadian north. Forests disappear so suddenly from sp many places that it looks a plague of locusts have descended on the planet.

As William Cronon in his book’ Changes in the land’ writes, “Nothing could be further from the truth” It is tempting to believe that when the Europeans arrived in the new world, they confronted Virgin lands, the forest primeval, a wilderness which had existed for cons uninfluenced by human hands. “New England lumbering used forests as if they would last forever. 

As Bill(2007) states, “ the colonial squandering of resources is best typified….by the use of firewood to heat homes.(P.22) They consumed on average, more than thirty cords of wood a year, or about an acre of forest. One of the prominent forest researchers Douglas Mac-cleery noted, “Total land in grain and vegetables had grown to 76 million acres, a number that quadrupled to 319 million acres by 1900. Sometimes new technology helped coal and oil began to replace wood as fuel source in the late nineteenth century.

As Andre Michaux (1805) noted, “ In more than a thousand leagues of the country over which I have traveled at different times in North America, I do not remember having seen one to compare with the Ohio valley for the vegetative strength of its forests.

The time is now to act- President Obama

As noted by Ohio state university professor using satellite data and ground maps recently compared the region as it was in 1938 with that of 1988. He found that fifty years ago, there were 2146 polygons- farm fields, clear cuts and other definable boundaries in 1988, the number was down to 710 the woods were reclaiming pasture and road. It should be noted that as the last animals were vanishing, Theodore Roosevelt banded together to oppose market hunting, enact game hunting, enact game laws and establish refuges and reserves. Unfortunately, as games have spread, so have predators.  The most fearsome are probably family dogs, capable of killing huge quantities of deer for sheer sport.

We must operate within certain limits- most nitably the large population not faced by the first Europeans to reach the US. Climate and whether are now influenced by our gaseous contribution to the atmosphere- remains sufficient vigor to reassert itself for its original species to press up through the weight of our settlement and reestablish themselves.

Charles (1890) states, no other true grows so rapidly or to such great so rapidly or to such great size on the gravelly hills of the northeastern states…in early summer, long after the flower of its companions has disappeared, the crestnut covers itself with great masses of spikes of yellow flowers and is then the most magnificent object of the sylvan landscape.

Computer projection of climate change indicates that by the end of the next century, hemlock trees- which shade the streams in some places, cooling the water for the trout may not survive south of the Canadian border. We are the ones desperately in need of missionaries but could show us how to live closer to the ground.

 ~~Dr. Edwin- Economicst.

Globalization for Development

Does globalization bring development to our economies? [Blog]

As the Roman politician and philosopher Cicero once states, “Not to know what has been transacted in former times is to be always a child”. Economic development requires people who build a new future, rather than people who live for today. India’s economic success is often attributed by the proglobalizers to its trade and financial liberalization in the early 1990s; it has imposed restrictions on foreign direct investments-entry restrictions, ownership restrictions and other performance requirements i.e. local contents requirements. In addition, Chile’s growth in post war was as the result of neo-liberal strategy. The government provided exporters with a lot of help in overseas with a lot of help in overseas marketing, research and development. It also used capital controls to reduce the inflow of short- term speculative funds; although it’s recent free trade agreement with the US has forced it to promise never to use them again.

Much of what happens in the global economy is determined by the rich countries without even trying. They account 70 percent of the international trade and make 70-90 percent of all foreign direct investment. For instance, the Nigerian stock market which is the second largest in sub Saharan Africa is worth less than one five thousandth of the US stock market. During the industrial revolution, British banned exports from its colonies that competed with its own products home and abroad. It deployed policies to encourage primary commodity production in the colonies. Moreover, it is the law of competition that people who can do difficult things which other cannot, -ill earn more profit.

The Bretton Woods institutions [BWI], International Monitory Fund and World Bank were set up in 1944 in New Hampshire, now later deeply involved in virtually all areas of economic policy in the developing world, BWI should be able to impose conditionality on everything from fertility decisions, ethnic, integration and gender, equality to cultural values- but conditions should be confined to only those aspects that are most relevant to the repayment of the loan. BWIs should not take Henry Ford’s approach to diversity. He famously said that,”Customers could have a car painted any color so long as it’s black”.

Besides   imposing tariffs, Walpole the 1721 prime minister imposed an outright ban on advanced manufacturing activities that it did not want developed. He banned the construction of new rolling and slitting steel mills in America, forcing the American to specialize in low value added pig and bar iron rather than high value added steel products

According to Ricardo, in a brilliant inversion of commonsensical observation, argued trade between two countries makes sense even when one country can produce everything more cheaply than another. His theory fails when a country wants to acquire more advanced technologies so that it can do more difficult things that few others can do like when it wants to develop its economy. His theory is thus for those who accept the status quo but not for those who want to change it. Richard Cobden argued that without the Corn Laws, the factory system would in all probability not have taken place in America and Germany. In other words Britain adopted free trade place only when it had acquired a technological lead over its competitors behind high and long lasting tariff barriers.

Though we have a wealth of historical experiences to draw upon, we do not bother to learn them and unquestioningly accept the prevailing myth that today’s rich countries developed through free- trade, free market policy. Hamilton who became the US finance secretary at only 33 years of age in 1791, proposed a series of measures to be implemented:

·        Protective tariffs and import bans

·        Subsidies

·        Export ban on key raw materials

·        Import liberalization of and tariff rebates on industrial inputs.

·        Prizes and patents for inventions

·        Regulation of product standard and transport infrastructure.

Hamilton- US Finance secretary 1791

Without federal government funding for research and development, the US would not have been able to maintain its technological lead over the rest of the world in key industries like computers, semiconductors, life science, the internet and aerospace. Public enterprises have often been set up in order to kick start capitalism, not to supersede it. When these government enterprises pick up, the ownership and management should be left to the private individuals in form of privatization.  For instance, public-private cooperation in Sweden continued in the development of telegraph, telephone and hydro-electric sectors.

As far as Heckscher-Ohlin Samuelson theory is concerned, The theory assumes that comparative advantage arises from international differences in the relative endowments of factors of production {capital and labor} rather than international differences in technology. HOS theory also known as perfect factor mobility depends on the assumption that productive means that capital and labor released from one activity can immediately and without cost be absorbed by other activities.

The main beneficiaries of the opening up of agricultural markets in the rich world will be those rich countries with strong agriculture-US, Canada and New Zealand. The popular image that agricultural liberalization in rich countries is helping poor peasant farmers in developing countries is misleading, because Poor countries only receive; do not make foreign investment because their ability to regulate foreign companies is reduced. The free international movement of capital improves economic efficiency by allowing capital to flow into projects with the highest possible returns on a global scale. Then the question remains; How do I know it is the beginning of all things possible?  Let’s find out!