NEW CLASSICAL DIGITAL KEYBOARD (KCD)

NEW CLASSICAL DIGITAL KEYBOARD (KCD)

If you are fearful of taking chances, scared of venturing down new roads, timid about taking the road not traveled on, you are going to find it difficult to ever venture off the main roads. Creativity requires taking a chance and being courageous. Fear is the biggest enemy of creativity. Like how one of the researches found out, all o that knowledge is acquired by observation and by trial and error. My home town builders normally have this Swahil proverb, “Kujjenga na kubomowa”(In construction, its normal to destroy what you have already constructed, correct your mistakes and again build afresh). I took that principle while designing this keyboard, erase was the game o the day.

While using mathematical formulas, Kepler did show that the planets revolve around the sun. He found that planets do not always travel at the same speed, but move faster as they approach the sun and slower as they move away from it.One reason why technology tends to catalyze itself in that advances depend upon previous mastery of simpler problems.

Musical composers of the enlightenment also stressed classical elements such as balance, contrast and refined expression of emotion. At the same time, they witnessed agreat evolution in music. Music made the transition from merely supporting religious services and dance and opera companies, to being an “art” in its own right. For the first time, people began going to concerts for the pleasure of listening to the music itself. Personally, I like the way the music instruments are arranged.

Finding the right combination of instruments and sounds is an art form, and takes the same creative energy as choosing the right chord, creating a beautiful melody or writing engaging lyrics. A lot of time should be spent in choosing the sounds and instruments you will use in a recording, and how those sounds relate to one another. The instruments you use can define your sound. Hip hop instrumentation is very sparse. It features drums (often retro drum machine sounds) and bass, and sparse keyboard or guitar phrases. The sparseness of the instrumentation keeps the focus on the lyrics and the rhythm. In finding your own unique sound, you should become familiar with the way instruments have been combined by others, and spend lots of time in trial and error and experimentation on your own. The same theory also applies to these tabs on our keyboard.

I like the way how the drummer enjoys while beating up his instruments. The way he twists his arms is very interesting and it motivates him in the long run. I came to discover that a drummer cant easily get tired during a music concert, because emotional, he is motivated, he changes his hands and position, possibly the voices o the drums. My whole idea is to make a computer users more interested while using this keyboard. Hamilton keyboard is designed exactly the same way like how music drums are arranged. They are in three sections and the base drum is the middle part, which makes it very interesting than the traditional one.  The piano evolving in the 1700s, allowed musician to produce much greater ranges of loudness and softness. I would like the new computer users to always twist their fingers while typing exactly the same way like how drummer twist theirs during a music concert.

The violin was perfected at the same time, changing the sound of music. As composers grouped similar instruments, they laid the Foundation for chamber music and the modern orchestra.

Largely due to reading Newton’s principia, enlightenment thinkers perceived the universe as a machine governed by fixed laws. They saw God as the master mechanic who provided laws and then allowed it to run on its own according to these orderly principles. I would like to encourage engineers who are going to develop this keyboard to look at the drummer and his drums as the guiding principle. Our new computer keyboard users need to be motivated while doing their work. Sometimes learning can be very interesting especially if you are doing what you love.

Twisting the Fingers like a drummer during the live music concert will be a natural motivating factor. They also believed in progress, or the idea that the world and its people could be improved. True, I still believe that my keyboard can be improved ( maybe few changes).

Most Philosophers passionately believe in Locke’s political philosophy and Newton’s scientific theories. I strongly believe that most people out there will borrow my whole idea. When encyclopedia editor Diderot was arrested because of his intellectual work, he said the following, ‘You have massacred…….the work of twenty good men who have devoted to you their time, their vigils, their talents from a love, truth and justice with the simple, hope of seeing their ideas given to the public”

In 1609, Galileo built his own telescope and observed the night skies. In 1632, Galileo published his ideas- but soon afterwards, the Catholic Church banned the book. Not everyone out there will be happy with what you can innovate. Some fear of being knocked out o business, others fear losing authority of what they can control. To avoid the risk of persecution, excommunication or even imprisonment, Capernicus worked in privacy while questioning time, without publishing his ideas. The polish scientist spent more than 30 years writing his treatise. In late 1500s, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe set up an observatory to study heavenly bodies and accumulated much date on planetary movements. After Brahe’s death, the German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler used Brahe’s data with the goal of providing mathematical proof for copernicus’s hypotheses. Using mathematical formulas, Kepler’s did show that the planets revolve around the sun. Kepler challenged the teachings of many academic and religious leaders.

Italian mathematician Galileo Galilei did face considerable opposition from church leaders. As he experimented with the motion of objects on the earth, he helped to establish the universal laws o inertia, which specifies that an object remains at rest in straight line motion unless acted upon by an external force. It is the matter not of individual inventiveness but of the receptivity of whole societies to innovation. Necessity is the mother of invention. As Jared (1999) states, The heroic theory of invention as it is termed is encouraged by patent law, because an applicant for a patent must prove the novelty o the invention submitted. Once an inventor has discovered a use for a new technology, the next step is to persuade society to adopt it. Further, Jared noted that an example of a much more difficult invention is writing, which does not suggest itself by observation of any natural material. 

Evolution of the alphabet can be traced back to Egyptian hieroglyphs, which included a complete set of 24 signs for 24 Egyptian consonants. One minor modification that readers will already have noticed is that the Semitic and Greek g became the Roman and English, while the Romans invented a new g, in its present position. One needs to master both two, and then he will compare the two and see the difference himself. 
 

As Jared (1999) noted, “ already in the early days of the Semitic alphabet, experiments began with methods for writing vowels by adding small extra letter to indicate selected vowels, or else by dots lines or hooks sprinkled over the consonantal letters. When it comes to this digital keyboard, dots, lines and other signs will be added later. As far as history is concerned, the Greeks became the first people to indicate all vowels systematically by the same types of letters used for consonants. The Greeks derived the forms of their vowel letters x-E-n-c-o by co-opting five letters used in the Phoenician alphabet for consonantal sounds lacking in Greek.

The han’gul alphabet devised by korea’s king Sejung in 1446 for the Korean language was evidently inspired by the block format of Chinese characters and by alphabetic principle of Mongol or Tbetan Buddhist. From this statement, we can now see that no group of people has ever controlled the monopoly of ideals. James watt invented the steam engine in 1769, supposedly inspired by watching steam rise from a tea kettle’s spout- he got his idea for his particular steam engine while repairing a model of Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine which Newcomen had invented 57 years earlier. From this point, can we now think of creating a “universal language” for our planet earth? Yes it is possible unless otherwise! King Sejong invented the forms of han’gul letters and several unique features of his alphabet, including the grouping of letters and several unique features of his alphabet, including the grouping of letters by syllables into square blocks, the use of related letter vowels or consonant sounds and shapes. Consonant letters that depict the position in which the lips or tongue are held to pronounce that consonant.

The ogham alphabet used in Ireland and parts of Celtic Britain from around the fourth century A.D similarly adopted that alphabetic principle- but again devised unique letter forms apparently based on a five-finger system of hand signals. As Jared (1999) noted, “Although each of those systems used distinctive sets of signs not borrowed from Egypt or Sumer, the people involved could hardly have been unaware of the writing of their neighboring trade partners(P.232). The oldest Sumerian cuneiform writing could not render normal prose but was e mere telegraphic shorthand, whose vocabulary was restricted to names, numerals, units of measure words for objects counted, and few adjectives.

Further Jared (1999), “Since individual linear B scribes can be distinguished by their handwriting on preserved documents from the palaces of Knossos and pylos are the works of mere 75 and 40 scribes, respectively”. The developmental sequence of uses for alphabetic writing was the reverse of that for the earlier systems of logograms and syllabifies. The uses of these telegraphic clumsy, ambiguous early scripts were as restricted as the number of their users. The ancient writings main function was to facilitate the enslavement of other human beings. Writing was never developed or even adopted by hunter gatherer societies, because they lacked both the institutional uses of early writing and the social and agricultural mechanism for generating the food surpluses required to feed scribes. Once writing had been invented in Sumer, Mexico, China and Egypt, it then spread by trade and conquest and religion to other societies with similar economies and political organizations.

`Edwin( Common sense)

North Korean Nuclear war: Its unfinished mission

North Korean Nuclear war: Its unfinished mission

In 1910,The Korean peninsula was annexed by the Japanese, who ruled it as a colony until the end of the world war 11, when Japan was striped of its territorial possessions. After the Allied forces agreed to occupy the peninsula, in 1945, Soviet troops moved into the northern part of Korea down to the 38^th parallel. US forces on the other hand, had occupied the southern area. The occupation was to end as soon as a Korean Government could be freely elected. The Soviets and Americans however could not agree on procedures for elections.

By 1948, two separate governments had emerged, each claiming to be the legal ruler of all of north. North Korea, officially called the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, with its capital at Pyongyang, kept close ties with the Soviet Union and China. South Korea, officially the republic of Korea established its capital at Seoul-maintaining its links with the United States. The Soviet Union however withdrew its troops from North Korea in late 1948, and the US withdrew their troops from South Korea in mid-1949.

June 1950, North Korea, hoping to unify the country under a communist government, invaded South Korea. The United Nationals Security Council immediately voted to condemn the invasion and organized an army to oppose it. At that time, the soviet could not use their Veto powers because of their absence from the council in protest at the United Nations refusal to recognize communist China.

In the first months of the war, the North Korean swept southward, conquering almost all of South Korea. However in September 1950, the UN troops led by General Douglas Macarthur launched a surprise invasion at Inchon, along Koreas west coast and far behind North Korean lines.Yalu River at the Chinese border.

Gen. Douglas MacAthur

Within six weeks, the UN forces had pushed the North Koreans out of South Korea and had advanced into North Korea, reaching the

At this point in the war, communist China came to the aid of North Korea. Chinese forces crossed into Korea in such large numbers that the UN forces were forced to retreat south ward.  By mid-1951, each army dug in along a line near the 38^th parallel, a situation in which two opponents are unable to move significantly or make further gains. Talks between the two sides began in July 1951 and lasted until July 1953 when a truce was signed. The fighting ended with Korea once again divided near the 38^th parallel.

In addition, from 1948 to 1994, North Korea was led by the communist dictator Kim 11 Sung. A cult of personality developed around Kim, and North Koreans revered him as a god-like figure “Great Leader” . Under Kim’s directives, all of the country’s farmland was organized into collective farms between 1953 and 1956. In 1954 and the North Korean government announced the first five year plan for building an industrial economy. North Korea stressed the growth of heavy industry and built up its military power. About 20 percent of North Korean GDP was annually devoted to military expenditures, including the development of nuclear capabilities. In Mid 1990s, North Koreas growth experienced widespread crop failure. The agricultural collapse was due to floods, drought and government policies that provided few incentives to farmers to produce. As starvation intensified, the communist government reluctantly admitted its need for foreign aid. In 1997, relief organizations in US and other countries began sending food aid to North Korea.

Kim Sung 11

The end of the cold war in the early 1990s raised hopes for uniting the two Koreans. North Korea and South Korean took halting steps towards better relations, but continuing resentments on both sides hampered progress. The death of Kim 11 sung in 1994 and uncertainty about the intentions of his son and successor Kim Jong 11, further delayed any movement towards peace.  

COLD WAR WITH NUCLEAR WARHEADS THREAT.

COLD WAR WITH NUCLEAR WARHEADS THREAT.

The cold war affected the internal policies of the Soviet Union and its Eastern satellites.

By the mid -1950s, both American and soviet leaders were interested in reducing cold- war tensions. Khrushchev called for a policy of peaceful coescistance in the soviet would compete with the west but a void war. He stated that Soviet Union would surpass the west economically and encouraged other countries to follow the communist model. He sought to improve housing and increase the production o f consumer goods, put new emphasis on technological research. This paid off in 1957 with the launch of the Soviet Union and its leader.

In the last 1950s the Americans and Soviets successfully tasted long range rockets known as intercontinental ballistic missiles or ICBM. Summit meetings where the most visible of many contacts between soviets and the United States. US president Dwight Eisenhower and Soviet premier Khrushchev met Geneva, Switzerland, in 1955 and again in 1959 Camp David, in Maryland. They recognized the deadly threat of nuclear war and agreed on the need to end the arms race. But later on, the soviet shot down an American U-2 spy plane over their territory and captured its pilot.  Facing criticism from the soviet military, Khrushchev strongly denounced the United States and canceled Eisenhower’s visit. Relations soon worsened further.

Testing Kennedy’s resolve Khrushchev used pressure to try to remove the Allies from Berlin. Then in 1962 he secretly began to install nuclear missile on Cuba 90 miles (145km) from Florida.

In his gamble, the soviet leader hoped to offset American missiles based in Turkey that were aimed at the Soviet Union. He also wanted to get from Kennedy a promise not to over throw Cuba’s communist government. Cuban miscible crisis was one of the most significant events in the cold war.

Cuba's L.Fidel Castro

In 1963, a telephone “hot line” unlinked Washington and Moscow to provide instant communication. The same year, the soviets in the Western allies signed a treaty banning weapons tests in the atmosphere.

In 1970s, Brezhrews reversed Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization policies. But two prominent dissidents refused to be silenced. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, author of many works including The Gulag Archipelago, an account of the horrors of the soviet prison camps was deported and settled in the United States. Dr. Andrei Sakharov, scientist and developer of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, later denounced the arms race and was sentenced to the internal exile in Gorki

In 1972, US were ready for Brezhnev’s policy of détente [relaxation]-an improvement of American-soviet relations.

In 1972, the Brezhnev- Nixon Summit led to the signing of the strategic Arms limitation Agreement (SALT) Treaty-agreed to limit the number of nuclear warheads and missiles each Country could maintain, just did slow it significantly.

In 1979, The Soviet invaded neighboring Afghanistan to reinforce local communist control. The ten years occupation of Afghanistan drained the National treasury, brought about the deaths of thousands of young soviet Soldiers, and became extremely unpopular at home.

For most of the cold war, the Soviet Union maintained tight control other its Eastern European satellites. The peoples of these nations resented soviet domination, but were largely powerless against the secret policy and Soviet troops.

After Hungary’s Prime minister announced Hungary’s Neutrality in 1956, and it’s withdraw from the Warsaw pact, soviet tanks and troops poured into Hungary crush the revolt. Realising that intervention could cause the World war III, the West sympathized with the Hungarians, but did nothing to help. Order in Hungary was restored under a Soviet-controlled government led by Janos Kadar. More than 200,000Hungarian refugees fled to the west.

After the communist takeover in 1948, the country was forced to conform to the Soviet model, like Hungary. A liberal Communist reformer, Alexander Dubcek replaced Novotny as a leader in 1968 when the Brezhnev signaled his approval. For a brief time, known as the Prague spring, reform was allowed. Dubcek eased press Censorship and began to allow some political groups to meet freely.

Nov 22, 1963: President Kennedy's motorcade route through Dallas was planned to give him maximum exposure to Dallas crowds before his arrival

On August 20^th 1968, about 500,000 troops from the Soviet Union and its Warsaw pact allies invaded Czechoslovakia. They took control of Prague and sent Dubcek and other Czechoslovakia leaders to Moscow. In April 1969, Dubcek was replaced as a party leader and in 1970; he was expelled from the party entirely.

The Soviet Union declared its right to intervene in communist states to counter any opposition that threatened communism or the unity of the soviet bloc. This principle, called the Brezhnev Doctrine, was the basis for the relations between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European Satellites for the next 20 years.

Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev

Departing from rigid state controls, Gorbachev also pushed for a rebuilding of the Soviet economy, a policy the Soviets called Perestroika. Gorbachev encouraged limited moves towards free enterprise. He began to dismantle the national bureaucracy that controlled, industrial production, allowing more decision making at local levels. 

Facing the enormous American military buildup under President Reagan, Gorbachev needed to negotiate new Arms-reduction agreements with us. Since soviet economic progress depended on military cutbacks Gorbachev made large concessions to settle long-stalled treaty negotiations. His offers to Cancel Nuclear tests and to withdraw Soviet missiles from Eastern Europe were so sweeping that they took western leaders by surprise.

 To further ease global tensions, Gorbachev withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan.

In 1990 Latria, Lithuania and Estonia became the first republics to declare their independence from the Soviet Union. To appease the conservatives who feared to a breakup of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev began a rollback a glasnost in the early 1990s and adopted new hard-line positions. Among them where the tightening of controls in the Soviet Press to curb dissent and restoration of powers to secrete police. Some of Gorbachev’s a reform minded political aides resigned in protest, and Soviet citizens, led by Yeltsin, called for Gorbachev to step-down.